Charlemagne Study Guide - Important Facts

Charlemagne Study Guide - Important Facts BiographyTimelinePeople Birth and Family: Charlemagnes parents were Pippin III and Bertrada, who wed in 744.His traditional date of birth (742) makes him illegitimate. Most scholars agree he was born after his parents married, possibly as late as 747.Charlemagne married five times and had numerous concubines and children. He kept his family around him nearly always, sometimes bringing his sons with him on campaigns.Only one legitimate son, Louis, survived him to inherit the empire. Campaigns, Conquests Expansion: Charlemagnes methods could be extreme, but the end result was the largest territory to be governed under one ruler in Europe in the Middle Ages. (See map.) Avars: 791-796The Avars had once controlled a small empire near present-day Belgrade. Charlemagne virtually eliminated their society, the remains of which would succumb to the Bulgars in the 9th century.Bavaria: 788When Duke Tassilo reneged on his oath of fealty, the king removed him from power and put Bavaria under his jurisdiction. This brought the territory of all the Germanic tribes into one political unit.Lombardy: 771-774Answering the call for help of Pope Adrian I, who was pressured by the Lombard king to anoint Carlomans sons as Frankish kings, Charlemagne launched a campaign that included an extended siege of Pavia, Lombardys capital. Saxons: 772-804The war against the Saxons, though interrupted by truces, pledges of allegiance and mass baptisms, was particularly bloody and included the execution of 4,500 Saxon prisoners in one day. In all, Charles engaged the Saxons 18 times.Spain: 778Charlemagnes most serious defeat took place when he failed to take Saragossa, retreated across the Pyrenees, and was ambushed by Basques. The death of one of his lords would later be memorialized in the epic poem, The Song of Roland. Administration: Charles generally delegated authority as follows: Comtes (Counts) ruled regions within the stable territory of FranciaMargraves governed newly-acquired territories (marches), where military measures were necessary to maintain orderBoth comtes and margraves reported to Dukes, governors of the larger divisions of land who were Charlemagnes close relatives and most trusted friendsMissi dominici acted as his emissaries and inspectors general, traveling throughout the empire Cultural Impact: Charlemagnes patronage of learning would result in: A Carolingian Renaissance in which art and literature would flourishThe preservation of numerous Latin manuscripts that would otherwise have been lostThe establishment of a good number of monastic schoolsThe creation of Carolingian Miniscule, an alternative to the capital letters used in Latin text Charlemagnes Legacy: Although the empire Charles built did not long outlast his death, still his consolidation of territory was an important stage in the growth of Europe. In addition, many of the changes and developments made by Charles himself, or fostered due to his patronage, would endure long beyond the Carolingian Empire. The offices created or adapted by Charlemagne would persist for centuries in the variations of counts, dukes and marquises across Europe and Britain.Charlemagne reorganized the monetary system, devising the system of pounds, shillings and pence used throughout Europe in the middle ages and in Britain until the 1970s.The monastic schools Charlemagne developed would preserve a tradition of learning, which in turn made an important burst of medieval scholarship possible in what became known as the 12th-century Renaissance.90% of the works of ancient Rome now in existence are preserved in the form of eighth- and ninth-century manuscripts copied in Carolingian monasteries.The Carolingian miniscule script would eventually become the lower-case letters we use today.The Song of Roland, inspired by events that took place in Charlemagnes worst defeat, is the earliest known chanson de geste. It is part of a cycle of works that revolve around Charlemagne, about whom many legends sprang up. These legends, known as the matter of France, would influence French and European literature through the centuries to today. Charles had a palace and a cathedral built in his favorite town, Aachen (or Aix-la-Chapelle), where he also died and was buried. Aachen became the location of the coronation of every emperor until the 16th century.The Carolingian Empire would inspire a tenth-century ruler, Otto the Great, to consolidate his territory in what came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire. Covering much of what Charles had controlled during his lifetime, the Holy Roman Empire was one of the most significant political entities of the Middle Ages. Charlemagne Study Guide BiographyTimelinePeople

From Little Acorns Grow Mighty Physical Education Essays Essays

From Little Acorns Grow Mighty Physical Education Essays Essays From Little Acorns Grow Mighty Physical Education Essays Paper From Little Acorns Grow Mighty Physical Education Essays Paper Subject: Child AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN IRELAND. The Mental Health Act 2001, became jurisprudence on 1 November 2002 and along with subsequent Acts of the Apostless 2006 and update in 2009 should hold guaranteed the betterment of attention for those sing and affected by mental wellness. The debut of this Act meant that any determinations made refering the attention and intervention of a individual affected by mental wellness, should be made in their best involvement and that respect should be given to other individuals that may be deemed at hazard if a determination was non to be made of serious injury ( HSE, 2010 ) . The undermentioned essay will concentrate on the mental Health Services presently available to kids and striplings and why these services despite the purposes and aspirations of the above Act, can frequently be referred to or seen as the Cinderella service, ( Women s Mental Health Council,2010 ) . A faery Tell, a fictional narrative non ever with a happy stoping for those who rely on it. Whilst turning up most kids will demo stray and ephemeral emotional perturbation and/or behavioral troubles, of these kids, some may endure from a degree of perturbation that may in bend interfere with the normal developmental procedure and some signifier of intercession may be deemed necessary. : Mental wellness is defined by the universe Health Organisation 2001, as a constituent of wellness through which an person realises their cognitive, affectional and rational abilities, with good mental wellness a individual is more effectual with get bying with life s stresses/work fruitfully and do a positive part to one s community. ( Share and Lalor, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the Health Service Executive it is estimated that one in four/five people will see mental wellness jobs in their life-time. ( HSE,2010 ) . The universe Administration 2001, reports that 20 per cent of 15 twelvemonth olds or younger throughout the universe at some point will see mild to severe mental wellness troubles, , but besides states that many of these will stay untreated because/due to the deficiency of services ( Share and Lalor,2009 ) . Many working groups and studies have been improved or implemented since the 2001 Mental Health Act, including the kid and Mental Health Service Report 2009-1010, a Vision for alteration 2006, the specializer Child and Adolescent Mental Health Advisory Group 2009, mental Health Commission 2002, and the Mental Health Expert Advisory Group. A Vision for Change presently in its 5th twelvemonth was launched by Mary Harney the so T A ; aacute ; naiste and Minster for Health and Children in 2006, prior to the recession or recent authorities crisis. This vision was so adopted as the formal national policy for the proviso of mental wellness services and was endorsed by patients advocators for patients and the mental wellness professional community. This vision was to advance a individual centered recovery orientated and holistic attack to mental unwellness and that the programme was to be funded from the sale of preexistent mental wellness lands and belongingss ( HSE, 2010 ) , including the sale and closing of 15 Victorian infirmaries promised by John Moloney during his statement to the House of the Oireachtas on 23 March 2010. Although it would be far to besides add that he did non print a clip line or budget program. The Child and mental Health service ( CAMHS ) have duty for the development of mental wellness services for kids and adolescents up until a younger grownup reaches 18 old ages of age There purpose is the development of 90 nine multi-disciplinary CAMHS squads, of which 50 five are already in topographic point, fifty community squads, to twenty-four hours hospital squads and three pediatric infirmary affair squads in add-on to other recommendations. With so much support being available to organize and implement so may groups and studies betterment should be huge. Deputy John Moloney the so Minister of State during his statement to the House of the Oireachtas on 23 March 2010, is recorded as saying that 70 per cent of mental wellness troubles begin in the kid and adolescent old ages, and that despite the economic down bend that advancement is being maintained in relation to mental wellness services an illustration of these betterments was the doubling of available inpatient beds from the minimum figure of 15 to the tremendous figure of 30 inmate beds, to cover the full population of 20 six counties in a state where the population harmonizing to the 2006 figures from the cardinal statistics office was recorded as being 4,239,848 of which 864,449 were aged between nothing and 14 ( Central Statistics Office, 2010 ) . The failure of mental wellness services available to Children and striplings has been highlighted in recent old ages with newspaper headlines foregrounding the usage of grownup psychiatric wards being used to suit kids every bit immature as 14. Harmonizing to newspapers such as the Belfast Telegraph on 7 October 2010 over one 100 adolescents enduring mental unwellness were admitted to adult psychiatric units during 2010. The graduated table of the job emerged after four adolescents over a few twenty-four hours period were admitted to the same mental wellness service unit at Waterford regional infirmary. It was noted that of the 100 adolescents forty three were under 17 old ages of age and the staying 50 seven were under 18. It was fortunate that at the clip this entrees occurred the amendment to the mental wellness ordinances had non come into force, and was non considered a breach of mental wellness ordinances, from December 2010 the age bound for preventing admittances to adults un its was increased to seventeen and this is due to be raised once more from 1 December 2011 to eighteen. ( Belfast Telegraph,2010 ) . Despite these Numbers 2010 really showed a lessening in kids and striplings being admitted to adult units, harmonizing to Amnesty International, in 2009 two 100 people were admitted to adult units and in 2008 this figure was two 100 and 40 seven. The figure of Children and striplings being admitted to adult units may be diminishing but the existent figure really being admitted to inmates units continues to lift, during the first nine months of 2010, sixty three per cent of immature individual s being treated for mental wellness conditions were admitted to child and adolescent units an addition of 19 per cent on the 2009 figures. This harmonizing to the Department of Health and Children is expected to go on to increase with the gap of the two new 20 bed units in both Cork and Galway ( section of Health and Children.2010 ) . Prior to the execution of the Vision of Change the age cut off age between kids and grownup services was 16 old ages. These additions occurred despite the purposed move off from the infirmary based theoretical account and towards more attention in the community and within the clients ain place ( HSE, 2010 ) . Improvements despite nevertheless minimum are still betterments, from small acorns turn almighty oaks. The HSE published its 2nd one-year study on Child and Mental Health Services on 23 November 2010, This study highlights that within the twelvemonth 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2010 7651 new instances were seen by the CAMHS squads and of these new instances 47 per cent were seen within one month and 69 per cent within three months of the initial referral ( HSE,2010 ) . This study states that waiting lists have decreased by 9.5 per cent stand foring a lessening of 247 individuals compared to the study besides acknowledges that despite this lessening 2370 kids and striplings still await assignments. These 2370 immature grownups all with households, parents, callings, siblings, equals, instructors all waiting an assignment all perchance affected by behaviour jobs of some sort, all indirectly expecting aid to some grade, and all trusting for a positive results. These immature grownup s await assignments despite the fact that the UN Convention on the Rights of the kid states that Governments and relevant subordinate organic structures of province have a duty to take all available steps to guarantee that kids s rights are respected, protected and fulfilled ( ACAMH,2008 ) .. The exact figure of these that could be considered at hazard despite the purposes of the 2001 Mental Health Act remain unknown. Despite apparently little betterments or what the HSE see as a broad scope of community based services such as outpatient clinics, medium support groups places, residential units and acute admittances wards etc. , ( HSE,2010 ) . Orla Barry manager of the Mental Health Commission states that cuts in staffing, edifices unfit for use/purpose, funding cutbacks, deficiency of conformity with basic criterions and with no meaningful programs to drive reform that the HSE is non presenting on its promises ( Amnesty International,2010 ) . Orla Barry besides states that mental wellness disbursement is at its lowest degree in modern history and that over half of the staff cuts in 2010 were from mental wellness which represented nine per cent of the Health service Executive work force ( Healthrisk,2010 ) . Dr Teresa Carey, Inspector of Mental Health Facilities besides paints a subdued position of the mental wellness system and provinces that cardinal to the bringing of effectual mental wellness s ervices is the ability to garner, analyse and manage information, but describes the information capablenesss of the Irish mental wellness service as primitive which has further deductions for the allotment of resources and make up ones minding of staffing degrees ( SIPTU NURSING, 2006 ) This essay will reason that despite recorded betterments to the mental wellness Servicess or the good purposes of all the studies and working groups. Purposes are lone purposes, more evidently needs to be done, for those who merely by age entirely irrespective of the mental wellness job they are sing, are one of the most vulnerable sectors of society and are unable to recommend for themselves. A waiting list regardless of size is still a waiting list. These immature grownups can be sing different grades of mental damage from depression to consider self-harm, and the demand for betterment can merely be enforced, with the Child and mental Health service ( CAMHS ) really saying that good results are most likely if the kid or stripling and their household or carer have entree to seasonably well-coordinated advice, appraisal and grounds based intervention ( HSE,2010 ) . Word Count excepting headers: 1648

7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers

7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers 7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers 7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers By Mark Nichol For some people, if a topic interests them, they are quite content to immerse themselves in extensive online articles that are otherwise indistinguishable from print content. Most Web site visitors, however, have a different set of expectations when they read on a computer screen. Nearly every medium has its own rules; here are seven tips to help you write for an online audience, whether you have your own site or blog or whether you submit content to other people’s sites. 1. Write for scanners, not for readers. Before you buy a book, you probably read the jacket copy synopsis, testimonials, the author’s biography. When you pick up a magazine or a newspaper, you quickly peruse the headlines. The same principle applies online: Provide points of entry for scanners headlines, subheadings, bullet lists, captions. Write clear, concise sentences. Keep paragraphs and other blocks of copy short and tight. Most important, keep in mind that visitors may never click over from scanning to reading, so pack as much information as you can into the points of entry. 2. Know your audience. Do you want your readers to geek out about some high tech topic? Do you hope they’ll come back to your site because you rate products effectively and they know they can count on you? Should they leave your site knowing what’s happening in the world today? Is your goal to get them to bookmark your site because you busted their guts with your witty prose? Shape your content accordingly not just how it reads but also how it appears. 3. Design your content. Provide visual clues about organization, intent, and content: Make subheadings smaller than headlines. In a heading for a pros-and-cons list, color â€Å"Pros† green and â€Å"Cons† red. On a site about target shooting, replace the dots in a bullet list with images of real bullets, or, on a gardening site, swap little flowers in place of the dots. But don’t push it your subliminal messaging should be â€Å"See how useful/entertaining this site is?† not â€Å"See how clever I am?† 4. Think like a journalist. One of the principles of journalistic writing is presenting information in an inverted pyramid of vital to trivial, with who, what, when, where, and why (otherwise known as the 5 Ws) right up top. Tell readers what you want them to know, now, and save the background information and the additional details for later. 5. Translate print content. When you upload copy already published on paper, repurpose it for the Internet: Offer points of entry, tighten and divide complex sentences, break up long paragraphs, and cut extraneous content. 6. Be witty sparingly. As much as it hurts a fan of punning and alliteration to write this, leave your sense of humor at the door (then sneak it in later). Straightforward headlines make it onto search engines’ search returns and draw readers in; chucklesome wordplay doesn’t. Save the wacky stuff for after they’ve committed to remaining on your site. 7. Link. Link. Link. When building an argument or providing an example, instead of extensively repeating what has already been published online, insert a link to the source. Don’t fear losing visitors; you’ve followed the rest of my advice, so they’ll come back. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict"Certified" and "Certificated"5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example They analyze results of strategic decisions and measure the value of the results, strategize to maximize profitability, sustainability and flexibility, ensure that the business continues to grow, return value to owners and attract more resources, and make the decisions that are reflected in the financial statements, they are key players in the world of business (Robinson, 2012, 12). They record, analyze, summarize and report financial information for use by the management and investors, they also play an integral role in the firm’s daily management and decision making process, they execute strategic goals, drive growth and manage the firm’s risk by implementing financial controls over its business activities (Alba, et. al, 2005, 103). Financial accountability is important in maintaining a healthy business. They also educate their employers on financial information accordingly and advise them. Generally they do not have to work with other employees as they report to the management directly. The average salary of a financial accountant is $50820 per year (Robinson, 2012, 97). Tasks carried out by a financial accountant include summarizing and preparing financial records and statements to report externally, maintaining records of assets, liabilities, capital (shareholders’ equity), tax demands and financial transactions in the organization. They utilize accounting principles to ensure compliance with regulatory reporting requirements. To become an accountant one requires advanced education and formal certification to get qualified for senior accounting jobs. On the most basic level, accountants keep and inspect financial accounts for companies, government institutions and individuals. Some accountants are self employed while others work for large firms. Most accountants work full time though some work part time. Those who work part time are usually busier during end of financial year and during tax season (Ryan, 2004, 45). Most accounting professionals have

The VDOT Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The VDOT Management - Assignment Example Theory X is a concept of inspiration, which assumes that the workforce does not like certain tasks, or change, but can complete the tasks effectively under the high control of the management. The theory’s management method can be soft or tough. For example, when using the hard approach, the VDOT managers must coerce, control, and threaten the staff in order to augment the job performance. To use the soft method, the leaders should be lenient and seek unity, and this will motivate the workers to be cooperative. The hard approach is usually not very helpful since it can lead to low outputs and hostility. The soft way augments the workforce desire for higher incentive in exchange for lower work performance (Lauby, 2005). The organization can also use goal-setting theory. The VDOT should involve the staff in goal setting. This theory implies that the workers can be inspired to realize the goals that they sett together with their supervisor. This will motivate personnel to work tirelessly to meet the set goals (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011). Previously, VDOT was famous for its innovations in the engineering field and perfectly conducted researches. However, with the progress of time, the VDOT employees lost self-esteem in work therefore, they decided to introduce the management theories to improve the organizational configuration together with management. Firstly, VDOT helps the managers in rectifying the appearance and efficiency of dissimilar departments at the workplace through the provision of their management theories. In doing this, VDOT ensures the provisions of funds, technology, equipment’s and manpower which are planned, organized, motivated and controlled to enhance good productivity within an organization (Gluck & Lorenz, 2010). Secondly, VDOT is vital to managers in solving their management problems because it has a function of fostering the business plan processes. Therefore, it identifies and resolves the most critical issue that might affect a business plan before  its implementation.  

Irish Soap Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Irish Soap Culture - Essay Example This paper is built around the central idea that soaps structure and inform the realities of many, and examines the phenomenon of soap operas in Ireland within this theoretical framework. The term 'soap opera' bears little resemblance to the nature of the genre itself, and is a curious amalgam of connotations. The origins of the term, which brings to mind a visual image quite unlike anything that is actually the content of a soap opera, have evolved - or perhaps 'mutated' is a better word - into the current avatar of the genre, the history of the nomenclature of which may be pieced together through a brief examination of the semantics of the term. It combines various ideas, as analyzed in this description: The "soap" in soap opera alluded to their sponsorship by manufacturers of household cleaning products; while "opera" suggested an ironic incongruity between the domestic narrative concerns of the daytime serial and the most elevated of dramatic forms. ("Soap Opera," paragraph 1) As the term itself suggests, the patterns of plot and characterization in soap operas have reached a generic level, and many theorists have identified several distinctive features of the genre. M. E. Brown has identified the following as the generic characteristics of soap operas: According to Robert C. ... 6. male characters who are 'sensitive men' 7. female characters who are often professional and otherwise powerful in the world outside the home 8. the home, or some other place which functions as the home, as the setting for the show. (Brown, 1987, paragraph 1) According to Robert C. Allen in Speaking of Soap Operas, there is much ambiguity involved in the attempted definition of the genre. He writes: "Since the 1930s the soap opera has been defined by what it pretends to be but is not, by what it lacks rather than what it is" (2). He points out that with reference to the definitions of what soap operas are, "we need to examine not only what was said about soap operas but also what was assumed and left unsaid" (12). Allen speaks in terms of the soap opera's "sense of kitsch," and opines that the soap has "eventual psychosocial consequences [on] mass culture, suggesting that the agenda of the soap opera is to take the "place of art in the lives of the masses," and that "what has taken place is nothing less than a subversion of an important part of the social order" (18). Therefore, he suggests that the objective of the soap opera is to undermine the fabric of society itself by seeking to replace the role that art has traditionally played in society. Helena Sheehan, author of Irish Television Drama: A Society and Its Stories, points out that soap operas originated with the supposed attempt to represent society, and followed a distinct and recurring pattern which could easily be identified as well as predicted as one was subjected to a series of soap operas all revolving around the same ideas. She writes that many soap operas create the illusion that what they are presenting to their audiences are grand but authentic portrayals of reality,

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender Movie Review

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender - Movie Review Example The movie is made in the context of Rodney King sparked LA riots in 1992 and its impact on people with a special reference to the lives of students at Wilson High School after a few years of riots. Director set the stage for a serious subject in the very beginning of the movie while filming street situation and unrest during riots. Long Beach is a gang-infested and poverty-stricken place where violence and killing is the everyday story. This scenario wages a new war in streets and school is no different, a cynical resentment and anger moves in school hallways and triggers violent confrontations between students at any point in time. In the very beginning, Erin’s enthusiasm for teaching was scoffed at and her students were entitled to be â€Å"un-teachable† rather â€Å"at-risk† gangsters who can never be tamed. Despite her unexpected encounter with students and their arrogant behavior, Erin decided to fight for the purpose of her presence in school as a teacher. After the initial hostile reaction to her efforts, Erin creatively tried to be friend with students. It was the only way to unite the teens and teach them to think beyond the racial divided that they couldn’t cross even in the classroom. Their minds were blocked by the perceptions that they were anything except students; they were blacks, whites or Cambodians. Erin wanted to expose them to different perspectives and ideologies beyond their own streets and homes. It was only possible through books but to Erin’s surprise, school authority not only refused to provide books but other resources as well. For authorities, it was the waste of time and resources. Somewhat discouraged and shocked, Erin takes up the part-time job in order to provide students with learning aids. By encouraging students to write what they feel like in their diaries inspired by Anne Frank and Zlata’s Diary: A child’s life in Sarajevo, she not only worked on their language skills but also taught them tolerance and compassion.